Spinal Arthritis: What It Is and How to Manage It

Your spine is a remarkable structure, combining strength and flexibility to support your body through a lifetime of movement. Like any hardworking set of joints, though, the spine is subject to wear over time, and that gradual change is what we call spinal arthritis or degeneration.

What spinal arthritis is

Spinal arthritis refers to age related changes in the joints and discs of the spine, including the facet joints and the intervertebral discs. A 2023 review in Nature Reviews Rheumatology (PMID 36702892) describes how disc degeneration and osteoarthritis share overlapping biological processes. These changes are extremely common with age and do not always cause symptoms, but in some people they contribute to stiffness, aching, and reduced mobility.

Common signs

• Morning stiffness in the back or neck that eases with movement.
• Aching that worsens with prolonged inactivity or, in some cases, with heavy activity.
• Reduced flexibility and range of motion.
• Discomfort that can vary from day to day.

What helps

Because spinal degeneration is largely driven by time and use, the goal is to keep the spine moving well and the supporting muscles strong. Regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, good movement habits, and targeted exercise all support spinal health. Conservative, hands on care can help manage symptoms and maintain mobility for many people.

When to seek evaluation

Imaging often shows degenerative changes even in people without pain, so findings on an x ray or MRI do not tell the whole story (Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2009, PMID 19931806). What matters most is how you feel and function. If you have persistent back or neck pain, or any numbness, weakness, or radiating symptoms, see a healthcare provider for a proper assessment.

Spinal arthritis is a normal part of aging for many people, and staying active and well supported goes a long way toward keeping you comfortable and mobile.